THE FEDERAL CASE PROCESS
See the stages.
Ask better questions.
Explore seven broad stages. Cases can take different paths, and not every case reaches every stage.
Educational overview · awaiting attorney review. This guide does not establish where your case stands, estimate its duration, or calculate a deadline.
STAGE 01 / 07
Investigation
Agencies gather information about possible offenses. A request for information or a subpoena can arise before charges.
A question for counsel
What exactly has been requested, and what date is on the request?
Have ready for a conversation
Identify the agency, type of communication, and any written response date.
Related practice informationSTAGE 02 / 07
Charges
A complaint, indictment, or information states allegations. A charge does not establish guilt.
A question for counsel
What does the charging document actually allege?
Have ready for a conversation
Identify the court and the paperwork you have. Ask how to provide a copy securely.
Related practice informationSTAGE 03 / 07
Initial proceedings
Early hearings address charges, counsel, and release or detention. At arraignment, the defendant enters a plea.
A question for counsel
What is the next hearing, and what will the court address?
Have ready for a conversation
Locate the hearing notice and any written conditions or orders.
Related practice informationSTAGE 04 / 07
Pretrial preparation
The defense reviews discovery and prepares the case. Motions and plea discussions may also occur during this period.
A question for counsel
What evidence is available, and which decisions are approaching?
Have ready for a conversation
Ask counsel which documents or information would help with the next discussion.
Related practice informationSTAGE 05 / 07
Trial or resolution
At trial, the prosecution must prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Cases may instead resolve through a plea or another disposition.
A question for counsel
What are the available options and their consequences in this case?
Have ready for a conversation
Discuss choices with counsel using the actual evidence and any proposed agreement.
Related practice informationSTAGE 06 / 07
Sentencing
Following a conviction, the court determines a sentence. Applicable law, the guidelines, and information about the offense and person matter.
A question for counsel
What sentencing issues and records need review?
Have ready for a conversation
Ask about the presentence report, the hearing, and information counsel needs.
Related practice informationSTAGE 07 / 07
Appeal
Appellate review generally examines claimed legal errors using the lower-court record. It is different from a new trial.
A question for counsel
What issues and deadlines need immediate review?
Have ready for a conversation
Identify the judgment date and available orders. Do not wait for a complete file to ask about deadlines.
Related practice informationWHEN YOU’RE READY TO TALK
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